research articles – Pandemic Timeline https://pandemictimeline.com Chronological Sequence of Events Sun, 29 Oct 2023 01:51:56 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.2 https://pandemictimeline.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Covid-150x150.ico research articles – Pandemic Timeline https://pandemictimeline.com 32 32 The ten points of the Nuremberg Code https://pandemictimeline.com/1947/07/the-ten-points-of-the-nuremberg-code-were-given-in-the-section-of-the-judges-verdict-against-nazi-doctors-entitled-permissible-medical-experiments/ Sat, 19 Jul 1947 00:00:24 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=7 The Nuremberg Code (German: Nürnberger Kodex) is part of a judicial ruling.  The Kodex has not been officially accepted as law by any nation or as official ethics guidelines by any association.  In the US, when preparing a legal case, refer to the National Research Act, which is legislation from the US Congress.  The National Research…

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The Nuremberg Code (German: Nürnberger Kodex) is part of a judicial ruling.  The Kodex has not been officially accepted as law by any nation or as official ethics guidelines by any association.  In the US, when preparing a legal case, refer to the National Research Act, which is legislation from the US Congress.  The National Research Act implements key provisions from the Nuremberg Code.

Following World War II, tribunals were held in Nuremberg, Germany.  Among those tried were the doctors in the Nazi concentration camps where prisoners were forced to participate in medical experiments.  The ten points of the Nuremberg Code were given in the section of the judges’ verdict against Nazi doctors entitled “Permissible Medical Experiments.”  The following is a summary.

  1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.
  2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature.
  3. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment.
  4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.
  5. No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects.
  6. The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment.
  7. Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability, or death.
  8. The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment.
  9. During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible.
  10. During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probably cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject.

For the detailed list, please see this article: Nuremberg Code

As of August 23, 2021, the Pfizer-BioNTech inoculation is now approved under the brand name Comirnaty. The Comirnaty/Pfizer-BioNTech Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine clearly states that pre-authorization Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and the Comirnaty vaccine are equivalent.  The argument now becomes whether that approval was legal and whether the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and the Comirnaty vaccine are legally equivalent.  Dr. Jane Ruby and Karen Kingston both have concerns about the legality of the approval. See the post about the approval for details.

As of November 12, 2021, a judge ruled that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and the Comirnaty vaccine are NOT interchangeable.  In other words, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines made available in the United States would not be the approved drug, according to this judge.  So anyone who took the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine since August 23, 2021, theoretically still has standing if claiming that they were coerced into taking an experimental drug.  Please consult an attorney for legal advice.

Sources:

Related:

  • Food & Drug Administration
    October 20, 2021. “Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine [Pfizer-BioNTech].” US Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/download.
    Food & Drug Administration.
    This document has instructions for healthcare providers who are administering the vaccines.
  • General Website Link
    October 19, 2005. “Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights: UNESCO.” United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
    http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=31058&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
    General Website Link.
    Article 3.2: “The interests and welfare of the individual should have priority over the sole interest of science or society.”
    And there is more in this document related to the issue at hand, all of which is also being violated in the current crisis.

See also, on this site:

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Stromectol (Ivermectin) is approved by the Food & Drug Administration. https://pandemictimeline.com/1996/11/stromectol-ivermectin-is-approved-by-the-food-drug-administration/ Fri, 22 Nov 1996 00:00:33 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=1068 Ivermectin is an anti-parasite medication. Ivermectin is used to treat infections in the body that are caused by certain parasites. — The Vigilant Fox 🦊 Sources:

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Ivermectin is an anti-parasite medication. Ivermectin is used to treat infections in the body that are caused by certain parasites.

The Vigilant Fox 🦊

Sources:

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Gunther Eysenbach founds the Journal of Medical Internet Research https://pandemictimeline.com/1999/08/gunther-eysenbach-founds-the-journal-of-medical-internet-research/ Tue, 10 Aug 1999 00:00:53 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=788 Gunther Eysenbach is the first Infodemiologist. Why does the world need the JMIR? The Internet – and more specifically, the World-Wide-Web – has an impact on many areas of medicine – broadly we can divide them into “clinical information and telemedicine”, “medical education and information exchange” and “consumer health informatics”: First, Internet protocols are used…

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Gunther Eysenbach is the first Infodemiologist.

Why does the world need the JMIR? The Internet – and more specifically, the World-Wide-Web – has an impact on many areas of medicine – broadly we can divide them into “clinical information and telemedicine”, “medical education and information exchange” and “consumer health informatics”:

  • First, Internet protocols are used for clinical information and communication. In the future, Internet technology will be the platform for many telemedical applications.
  • Second, the Internet revolutionizes the gathering, access and dissemination of non-clinical information in medicine: Bibliographic and factual databases are now world-wide accessible via graphical user interfaces, epidemiological and public health information can be gathered using the Internet, and increasingly the Internet is used for interactive medical education applications.
  • Third, the Internet plays an important role for consumer health education, health promotion and teleprevention. (As an aside, it should be emphasized that “health education” on the Internet goes beyond the traditional model of health education, where a medical professional teaches the patient: On the Internet, much “health education” is done “consumer-to-consumer” by means of patient self support groups organizing in cyberspace. These patient-to-patient interchanges are becoming an important part of healthcare and are redefining the traditional model of preventive medicine and health promotion).

Sources:

Related:

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60GHz frequency found to change nature of oxygen. https://pandemictimeline.com/2001/04/60ghz-frequency-found-to-change-nature-of-oxygen/ Tue, 10 Apr 2001 00:00:15 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=41 Later, some would try to claim that the COVID-19 outbreak was caused by introduction of 5G frequencies and not a virus. Sources:

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Later, some would try to claim that the COVID-19 outbreak was caused by introduction of 5G frequencies and not a virus.

Sources:

  • Research Journal
    April 10, 2001. Shigeaki (Shey) Hakusui. “Fixed Wireless Communications at 60GHz Unique Oxygen Absorption Properties.” RF Globalnet.
    https://www.rfglobalnet.com/doc/fixed-wireless-communications-at-60ghz-unique-0001.
    Research Journal.
  • Research Journal
    May 2005. M.Yu. Tretyakov, M.A. Koshelev, V.V. Dorovskikh, D.S. Makarov, and P.W. Rosenkranz. “60-GHz Oxygen Band: Precise Broadening and Central Frequencies of Fine-Structure Lines, Absolute Absorption Profile at Atmospheric Pressure, and Revision of Mixing Coefficients.Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 231 (1): 1–14.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2004.11.011.
    Research Journal.
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The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act is presented https://pandemictimeline.com/2001/12/the-model-state-emergency-health-powers-act-is-presented/ Fri, 21 Dec 2001 00:00:50 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=44 The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act is prepared by The Center for Law and the Public’s Health at Georgetown and Johns Hopkins Universities for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] The MSEHPA (Model State Emergency Health Powers Act) which was passed by many states in 2002, included provisions that would allow state…

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The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act is prepared by The Center for Law and the Public’s Health at Georgetown and Johns Hopkins Universities for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]

The MSEHPA (Model State Emergency Health Powers Act) which was passed by many states in 2002, included provisions that would allow state health officials to use the state militia to:

Take control of all roads leading into and out of cities and states;

Seize homes, cars, telephones, computers, food, fuel, clothing, firearms and alcoholic beverages for their own use (and not be held liable if these actions result in the destruction of  personal property);

Arrest, imprison and forcibly examine, vaccinate and medicate citizens without consent (and not be held liable if these actions result in your death or injury).

— ce399

Fortunately for the People, the Supremacy Clause in the U.S. Constitution declares that where federal and state laws conflict, federal law supersedes state law.

Article VI, Paragraph 2 of the U.S. Constitution is commonly referred to as the Supremacy Clause.  It establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions. It prohibits states from interfering with the federal government’s exercise of its constitutional powers, and from assuming any functions that are exclusively entrusted to the federal government. It does not, however, allow the federal government to review or veto state laws before they take effect.

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
— US Constitution, Article VI, paragraph 2

The National Research Act (also known as The Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects or The Common Rule) is federal law.  The Emergency Health Powers Acts are state laws.  Therefore, none of the Emergency Health Powers Acts can violate the protections provided in the National Research Act.  Please refer to the article about the National Research Act for further details.

Pres. Trump prevented the mandating of COVID-19 vaccines by releasing the vaccines under Emergency Use Authorization while still in testing.  Otherwise, Emergency Health Powers Acts in the various states could have allowed the mandating of the COVID-19 vaccines.  While the vaccines are still in testing, it is a violation of the federal National Research Act for anyone to mandate them.  Families of victims could potentially sue based on violation of the federal National Research Act.

As of August 23, 2021, the Pfizer-BioNTech inoculation is now approved under the brand name Comirnaty. The Comirnaty/Pfizer-BioNTech Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine clearly states that pre-authorization Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and the Comirnaty vaccine are equivalent. Any objections based on the experimental status of this vaccine are now moot. The argument now becomes whether that approval was legal. Dr. Jane Ruby and Karen Kingston both have concerns about the legality of the approval. See the post about the approval for details.

  • Food & Drug Administration
    October 20, 2021. “Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine [Pfizer-BioNTech].” US Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/download.
    Food & Drug Administration.
    This document has instructions for healthcare providers who are administering the vaccines.

Sources:

See also, on this site:

Legislation by state.

The following map is provided as a research hint.

This map is probably good as of sometime in 2006.
More states may have passed an Emergency Health Powers Act by now.
http://www.rwjf.org/files/publications/annual/2006/images/chart-publichealth.gif

This list below of links by state is nowhere near complete at this time.  Emergency Health Powers Acts have been enacted in at least 34 states.  Eventually, I will get more of this filled in.

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

 

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The term “infodemiology” is coined https://pandemictimeline.com/2002/12/the-term-infodemiology-is-coined/ Sun, 15 Dec 2002 00:00:58 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=779 Infodemiology can be defined as the science of distribution and determinants of information in an electronic medium, specifically the Internet, or in a population, with the ultimate aim to inform public health and public policy. Infodemiology data can be collected and analyzed in near real time. Examples for infodemiology applications include: the analysis of queries…

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Infodemiology can be defined as the science of distribution and determinants of information in an electronic medium, specifically the Internet, or in a population, with the ultimate aim to inform public health and public policy. Infodemiology data can be collected and analyzed in near real time. Examples for infodemiology applications include: the analysis of queries from Internet search engines to predict disease outbreaks (eg. influenza); monitoring peoples’ status updates on microblogs such as Twitter for syndromic surveillance; detecting and quantifying disparities in health information availability; identifying and monitoring of public health relevant publications on the Internet (eg. anti-vaccination sites, but also news articles or expert-curated outbreak reports); automated tools to measure information diffusion and knowledge translation, and tracking the effectiveness of health marketing campaigns. Moreover, analyzing how people search and navigate the Internet for health-related information, as well as how they communicate and share this information, can provide valuable insights into health-related behavior of populations.

Do these infodemiologists (a.k.a. “fact checkers”) have a mechanism for self-correcting when rumors prove true?

Sources:

  • Research Journal
    December 15, 2002. Gunther Eysenbach. “Infodemiology: The Epidemiology of (Mis)Information.The American Journal of Medicine 113 (9): 763–65.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01473-0.
    Research Journal.
  • Research Journal
    March 27, 2009. Gunther Eysenbach. “Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Framework for an Emerging Set of Public Health Informatics Methods to Analyze Search, Communication and Publication Behavior on the Internet.Journal of Medical Internet Research 11 (1): e1157.
    https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1157.
    Research Journal.
  • Research Journal
    January 17, 2014. Hua Gu, Bin Chen, Honghong Zhu, Tao Jiang, Xinyi Wang, Lei Chen, Zhenggang Jiang, Dawei Zheng, and Jianmin Jiang. “Importance of Internet Surveillance in Public Health Emergency Control and Prevention: Evidence From a Digital Epidemiologic Study During Avian Influenza A H7N9 Outbreaks.Journal of Medical Internet Research 16 (1): e2911.
    https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2911.
    Research Journal.
  • Research Journal
    March 4, 2013. Julie M. Robillard, Louise Whiteley, Thomas Wade Johnson, Jonathan Lim, Wyeth W. Wasserman, and Judy Illes. “Utilizing Social Media to Study Information-Seeking and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy.Journal of Medical Internet Research 15 (3): e2313.
    https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2313.
    Research Journal.
  • Reference
    Infodemiology.” In Wikipedia.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infodemiology.
    Reference.

See also, on this site:

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Graphene is discovered https://pandemictimeline.com/2004/10/graphene-is-discovered/ Fri, 22 Oct 2004 00:00:43 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=1341 2004 Andre and Kostya frequently held ‘Friday night experiments’ – sessions where they would try out experimental science that wasn’t necessarily linked to their day jobs. One Friday, the two scientists removed some flakes from a lump of bulk graphite with sticky tape. They noticed some flakes were thinner than others. By separating the graphite…

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2004

Andre and Kostya frequently held ‘Friday night experiments’ – sessions where they would try out experimental science that wasn’t necessarily linked to their day jobs.

One Friday, the two scientists removed some flakes from a lump of bulk graphite with sticky tape. They noticed some flakes were thinner than others. By separating the graphite fragments repeatedly, they managed to create flakes that were just one atom thick. Their experiment had led to graphene being isolated for the very first time.

Because the graphene flakes are only just one atom thick, they are considered to be two-dimensional crystals.  Graphene thus became the first known 2D crystal.  Other 2D crystal types have been developed since the initial discovery of graphene.

Sources:

See also, on this site:

Related:

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Virology Journal: “Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread” https://pandemictimeline.com/2005/08/virology-journal-chloroquine-is-a-potent-inhibitor-of-sars-coronavirus-infection-and-spread/ Mon, 22 Aug 2005 00:00:14 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=51 This article explores chloroquine use for prophylactic prevention of SARS as well as for treatment and prevention of spread. The testing was done with chloroquine (CQ) on cell cultures.  Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a variant of CQ.  COVID-19 is a SARS-like illness. This article is in the NIH database.  Thus we see that a potential treatment…

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This article explores chloroquine use for prophylactic prevention of SARS as well as for treatment and prevention of spread. The testing was done with chloroquine (CQ) on cell cultures.  Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a variant of CQ.  COVID-19 is a SARS-like illness.

This article is in the NIH database.  Thus we see that a potential treatment for COVID-19 was already known at the time SARS-CoV-2 was released.

One of the requirements for issuing an Emergency Use Authorization for a drug is that no other treatment be available.  Not only was the use of CQ and HCQ not explored by the NIH or CDC during the initial phases of the COVID-19 outbreak; but, as we shall see, manipulated and fake research was created to motivate the blocking of its use.  The media echoed these fake results to make them widely known.  “Wrap Up” Smear tactics were used on HCQ.  The prescribing of HCQ for COVID-19 was banned by governors in some states.  Furthermore, during hearings for the vaccine Emergency Use Authorizations, the testimonies of doctors in the field who were successfully using HCQ-based protocols went ignored.  Had the HCQ-based protocols been recognized as a viable treatment option, the Emergency Use Authorizations should never have been issued.

Source:

  • Research Journal
    August 22, 2005. Martin J. Vincent, Eric Bergeron, Suzanne Benjannet, Bobbie R. Erickson, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Nabil G. Seidah, and Stuart T. Nichol. “Chloroquine Is a Potent Inhibitor of SARS Coronavirus Infection and Spread.Virology Journal 2 (1): 69.
    https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-2-69.
    Research Journal.

See also, on this site:

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Report: fewer than 1% of vaccine adverse events are reported to the VAERS. https://pandemictimeline.com/2010/09/grant-final-report-review-of-vaccine-adverse-event-reporting-system-vaers-determines-that-fewer-than-1-of-vaccine-adverse-events-are-reported/ Thu, 30 Sep 2010 00:00:07 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=98 Grant Final Report: Review of Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) determines that fewer than 1% of vaccine adverse events are reported. Even if we assume that the COVID-19 situation has created increased awareness of VAERS, we can assume that adverse reactions are still grossly underreported. If nothing has changed, this means that statistics derived…

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Grant Final Report: Review of Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) determines that fewer than 1% of vaccine adverse events are reported. Even if we assume that the COVID-19 situation has created increased awareness of VAERS, we can assume that adverse reactions are still grossly underreported. If nothing has changed, this means that statistics derived from VAERS can be multiplied by 100.

In addition to being grossly underreported, it appears that the data in VAERS may not be entirely up to date.  It appears that the CDC is behind in their reporting of adverse reactions.

According to Dr. David Martin, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 requires that the VAERS database be maintained accurately.  This is a statutory requirement for maintaining immunity.

The following shows how VAERS data compares with the Pfizer clinical trial data.

Page 35 of CCCA report: Roll Out Surveillance: You Don’t Find What You Don’t Look For
Left side chart is the Pfizer clinical trials. Right side chart is the passive surveillance of the general population post-rollout.

Sources:

Related:

See also, on this site:

 

 

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Peter Daszak speaks at TEDMED https://pandemictimeline.com/2010/10/peter-daszak-speaks-at-tedmed/ Wed, 27 Oct 2010 00:00:33 +0000 https://pandemictimeline.com/?p=3668 Peter Daszak is a good showman and salesman, but he also has ties to gain-of-function research.  His name has appeared on at least one research paper in conjunction with the “Bat Lady” of the Wuhan Institute of Virology. Sources: Related: See also, on this site: Peter Daszak addresses workshop Peter Daszak mentions coronavirus research in…

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Peter Daszak is a good showman and salesman, but he also has ties to gain-of-function research.  His name has appeared on at least one research paper in conjunction with the “Bat Lady” of the Wuhan Institute of Virology.

Sources:

Related:

  • Research Journal
    November 30, 2017. Ben Hu, Lei-Ping Zeng, Xing-Lou Yang, Xing-Yi Ge, Wei Zhang, Bei Li, Jia-Zheng Xie, Xu-Rui Shen, Yun-Zhi Zhang, Ning Wang, Dong-Sheng Luo, Xiao-Shuang Zheng, Mei-Niang Wang, Peter Daszak, Lin-Fa Wang, Jie Cui, and Zheng-Li Shi. “Discovery of a Rich Gene Pool of Bat SARS-Related Coronaviruses Provides New Insights into the Origin of SARS Coronavirus.PLOS Pathogens 13 (11): e1006698.
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.
    Research Journal.

See also, on this site:

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