
Media manipulation issues and concepts word cloud illustration. Word collage concept.
The provision is part of H.R.4310 – National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 passed by the 112th Congress (2011-2012).
Sources:
- January 2, 2013. “H.R.4310 – 112th Congress (2011-2012): National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013.” Webpage. 2011/2012.
https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/4310.
Government. - January 3, 2013. Barack Obama. “Statement by the the President on H.R. 4310.” The White House.
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/01/03/statement-president-hr-4310.
Government. - May 18, 2012. Michael Hastings. “Congressmen Seek To Lift Propaganda Ban.” BuzzFeed News.
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mhastings/congressmen-seek-to-lift-propaganda-ban.
News. - May 21, 2012. Michael B. Kelley. “The NDAA Legalizes The Use Of Propaganda On The US Public.” Business Insider.
https://www.businessinsider.com/ndaa-legalizes-propaganda-2012-5.
Magazine. - July 14, 2013. John Hudson. “U.S. Repeals Propaganda Ban, Spreads Government-Made News to Americans.” Foreign Policy.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/07/14/u-s-repeals-propaganda-ban-spreads-government-made-news-to-americans/.
Blog. - July 26, 2017. Pamela Williams. “The Controversy Surrounding Bill HR 4310 – Does It Give The News Media Freedom To Disseminate Propaganda To The American People?” Investment Watch.
https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/the-controversy-surrounding-bill-hr-4310-does-it-give-the-news-media-freedom-to-disseminate-propaganda-to-the-american-people/.
Blog.
Related:
- March 16, 2016. Rob Portman. “S.2692 – 114th Congress (2015-2016): Countering Information Warfare Act of 2016.” Legislation. 2015/2016.
https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/2692.
Government. - December 1, 2016. Devin Nunes. “H.R.6393 – 114th Congress (2015-2016): Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017.” Legislation. 2015/2016.
https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/6393.
Government. - December 23, 2016. John McCain. “S.2943 – 114th Congress (2015-2016): National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017.” Legislation. 2015/2016.
https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/2943.
Government. - December 23, 2016. “Statement by the President on Signing the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017.” The White House.
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/12/23/statement-president-signing-national-defense-authorization-act-fiscal.
Government. - December 24, 2016. Tyler Durden. “Obama Quietly Signs The ‘Countering Disinformation And Propaganda Act’ Into Law.” Zero Hedge.
https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-12-24/obama-signs-countering-disinformation-and-propaganda-act-law.
News. - May 10, 2012. Mac Thornberry. “H.R.5736 – 112th Congress (2011-2012): Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012.” Legislation. Congress.Gov. 2011/2012.
https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/5736.
Government.
This one did not become law. - “Facts About Smith-Mundt Modernization.” U.S. Agency for Global Media.
https://www.usagm.gov/who-we-are/oversight/legislation/smith-mundt-faqs/.
Government. - “About.” Smith Mundt CONFRONT PROPAGANDA.
http://www.smithmundt.com/about/.
General Website Link. - April 21, 2022. Barack Obama. Former President Obama Speaks at Stanford. C-SPAN.
https://www.c-span.org/video/?519625-1/president-obama-warns-threat-disinformation-democracy.
Government, News, Video.
This speech was a keynote address to Stanford’s Cyber Policy Center. See the label on the lectern. - June 11, 2019. “‘Securing American Elections’ Report Offers a Policy Road Map.” Stanford | Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.
https://fsi.stanford.edu/news/securing-american-elections-report-offers-policy-road-map.
University.
I suppose we were too smart to pass the Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012 but not smart enough to block it as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013.